Dependency can sit inside normal performance for years. Warning signs include:
- repeated questions going to the same expert;
- procedures stored in personal folders or contradicted by local versions;
- access that only one person holds;
- training delivered from memory;
- measures that reward output but hide correction or fragility;
- a named backup who lacks practice, authority or available capacity;
- managers translating every exception because ownership is unclear.
Two people can still share one point of failure if they depend on the same system, approver, location or undocumented source. The relevant question is not “Do we have cover?” It is “Can important work continue at an acceptable standard when conditions change?”




